34 10 372 https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/39c5c34cf672e3b70191a43d37368c52.jpg 38dc96ea20ec65c73f48139cb3f589c1 https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/1f9aee0d29e7b61b1fe4733a648dc1e4.JPG 3bcbd02bbb4a7a18a818333a7dfeb1e4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Old school seat from Kilmurry Boys School Subject The topic of the resource Kilmurry N.S., St. Mary's Church Description An account of the resource An application for “Kilmurry School, Barony of West Muskerry, Townland of Ballymichael”, was made by Rev. Jas. Daly PP Kilmurry, dated 31st July 1849. Among the many queries to be answered on the application form to the Board of Commissioners was, “when was the existing school established?”- The answer given was, “ten years ago in the adjacent building”. That being so there was a school in Kilmurry in 1839, adjacent to the site that Independence Museum Kilmurry now occupies. Before the introduction of National Schools into Ireland in 1831, many private schools or hedge schools operated throughout the country but children had to pay to attend. The school in Kilmurry fell into that category; privately owned and run by the teacher Mr. Tim Sheehan. In the absence of a suitable site in which to build a new National School a case would have to be made for housing the new Kilmurry National School in the aforementioned building. At stake was the two-thirds funding by the British Government of the project which would fund the teacher’s salary and ensure free education for the local children. The parish priest of Kilmurry at that time was Rev. James Daly and he was hopeful that the Education Commission would look favourably upon the situation in the village. In his application to the Education Commission he pointed out that the building in which the school would be housed was neat, comfortable and nearly new; “Measuring 27 Ft. by 13 Ft. It is well lit, furnished with 7 desks and 14 forums (seats).” The likelihood that the forum (bench) on display in Independence Museum Kilmurry is one of those original benches that survived the transition to a new building when a new Boys National School and a new Girls National School opened a hundred yards further up the village in 1862. Given that these momentous developments happened at a time when the village and people were still suffering from the fallout of the Great Famine, it is a testament to the determination and desire of both PP Canon Daly and Headmaster Tim Sheehan that the present and future children of the area should not want for an education opportunity. This seat is a reminder of that legacy. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939-1950 's Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource physical object Type The nature or genre of the resource wood Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.0319 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm 19th Century, 20th Century Relation A related resource KHAA.IMK.1184 https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/7455d7b2a866f072593c225c96729085.JPG f9f44da58993b9cc03d5a8e3e21b1970 https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/c4ea8406fda3fad1eb05239f0b2d03da.JPG 8e91f71bd63a84bb6a34e5140acd5ce8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Total Abstinence Society of Ireland Medal Description An account of the resource The early days of January each year are usually devoted to the often futile attempt of adopting a new year’s resolution. However it might be sobering to contemplate a small medal in the collection of Independence Museum Kilmurry that reflects the roots and huge success of one of the most extraordinary (however brief) mass movements in Irish social history, ultimately enlisting millions of Irish men and women. Although a teetotalism movement was already underway in Cork it was under the leadership of Father (Theobald) Mathew, from 1836, that the Cork Total Abstinence Society took off; under his influence branches of the organization soon spread throughout every parish in Ireland despite being badly disrupted by the Great Famine. The mass pledging (some 3 million people or roughly half the population) that ensued no doubt had the effect of reducing alcohol consumption and the knock on effect on the crime statistics of the period is significant. It was recorded that robberies, assaults, arson and even homicides were thus reduced by half in the pre-Famine period before 1845. Bringing his message further afield to England Father Mathew’s crusade yielded similar success. In 1849 he visited America but while there he fell afoul of the Abolitionist (to abolish slavery) movement whereby, having had to give assurances to the Catholic Hierarchy there that he would not stray outside his remit of battling alcohol consumption, he had to refuse an invitation to condemn slavery. This soured his deep friendship with the former slave and famous abolitionist Frederick Douglass who had been so impressed by his interaction with Father Mathew on his visit to Cork in 1845 that he undertook to receive the pledge from Father Mathew himself. Having co-signed a petition in 1841, with Daniel O’Connell (along with 60,000 Irish people) encouraging the Irish in the U.S. not to partake in slavery and given his own efforts for the downtrodden and marginalised in Cork there was little doubt which side of the debate held the sympathies of Father Matthew. However as he was basically on a fund-raising effort for the temperance movement he was reluctant to muddy the focus of his efforts; “I have as much as I can do to save men from the slavery of intemperance, without attempting the overthrow of any other kind of slavery.”. It does seem that Douglass realised the reasoning behind the decision but held no sympathy with it, ‘we had fondly hoped … that he would not change his morality by changing his location … We are however grieved, humbled and mortified to know that HE too, has fallen.’ Their mutual friendship never recovered. It does seem that the success of his movement was also its downfall…..in that it attracted the unwanted attention of other movements which were covetous of its sizeable membership and network. One of these was nationalist leader Daniel O’ Connell’s who opportunistically co-opted the temperance movement to further his agitation for repeal of the union between Ireland and Britain; likely taking advantage of already existing associational networks and mass gatherings. In the regeneration of national consciousness on the centenary of the 1798 Rebellion, Fr. Mathew had at least 3 dedications in his name thus indicating the influence that his temperance movement had on the resurgent nationalist movement; much as the Gaelic League was likewise at that time identified with and shared many members with the turn of the century temperance movements, “Ireland sober is Ireland free". Whatever the reason(s) Fr. Mathew’s movement eventually broke down and sobriety also duly decreased amongst the population. He is fondly remembered in Cork today more for his association with the City and his lasting effort on behalf of its more unfortunate citizens than for any long term effect of endeavours on behalf of the temperance movement; his imposing statue on Cork’s St. Patricks St., is regularly adorned with empty alcohol bottles from the previous night’s activities. That this cheeky activity is more out of affection rather than any disrespect to the Capuchin friar became manifest in 2000 when a proposed plan to remove ‘The Statue’ to another location in the City was shot down when met with widespread opposition among the people of the City. Fr. Mathew is buried in Cork’s St. Josephs Cemetery which he himself had helped establish to facilitate the burial of the Catholic poor of the City. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This medal was found in a sandbank near Bellmount Mills, 1938. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Relation A related resource KHAA.IMK.0570 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource physical object Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource metal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.0149 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm 19th Century https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/3a8842cb23bd479001534d715db6ac4e.JPG 8fe5d3707b798088c11172468400d652 https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/3622c14850acb90b2fcaac48f26563da.JPG 1c4f7c6cadb8326eb89ff7bbd449afc1 https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/ffdd7e4be4ae63ef094b777d9162a58a.JPG ed4dc08c809dc6da07d4acf05fb7eed5 https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/ff57a480ee806f3439f0cbf523bf9fe2.JPG a1b83f0dffc477b6085b4ccafe076ad6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Souvenir of World War I - converted Brass Shell > Ash Tray Subject The topic of the resource Title Souvenir of World War I - converted Brass Shell > Utensil and Bullet-Knife Subject First World War Description An account of the resource Trench art from First World War Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Nurse Elizabeth O'Connor Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Title Souvenir of World War I - converted Brass Shell > Utensil and Bullet-Knife Subject First World War Description Trench art from First World War Creator unknown Source Nurse Elizabeth O'Connor Publisher Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Relation A related resource KHAA.IMK.0188 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource physical object Language A language of the resource gr Type The nature or genre of the resource metal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.0189 https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/bda91c67f3f0c6a683b9ee1061def22c.jpg 288d7553b9970f296f943ab2c3039b32 https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/f2025d34eafd7668e2c359a6a5705f3b.jpg 65b2a551d42cbc6af236dc0d87c73c99 https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/7b7a40be0ccc0c22d1ff5fcf7af02334.jpg 9631c4906adf3af79f41347d54c89ef6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Fenians - Wolfe Tone Annual 1938 Subject The topic of the resource Fenian Rising Description An account of the resource 1938 edition of Wolfe Tone Annual Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Pat Hillgrove Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource paper Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource physical object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.1180 https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/55ba067e169d1650b64432412d047e5d.jpg 719f48e9b0c0a4257f53ae7fa1da2ffd https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/b987989dad063b79ae000cc3e9d686b5.jpg 36f82f7a30bfcdbd2d214fa1c10216b6 https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/55c9244bbc6311280dad3bf7d1d57690.jpg 1a03ddd07dd8ba1ec0ebb82534296a0c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Irish War of Independence Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Type The nature or genre of the resource Subject The topic of the resource Irish War of Independence Description An account of the resource War of Independence Cogadh na Saoirse In the immediate aftermath of the Rising it seemed that a calm had settled on Ireland; the command structure of the Volunteers had been depleted and a countrywide round-up of dissenters had been exiled to internment in the United Kingdom. However a simmering resentment remained among the people due to the execution of the rebel leaders, internment of the surviving Volunteers and the continued recruitment drive for manpower for the War effort; allied with the carrot and stick approach tactics of the British linking the implementation of Home Rule to conscription. The rejuvenated Volunteers and its leaders, once released from internment (Frongoch Internment Camp in Wales was known as the “University of Revolution “) had begun to re-organize and rally around the issue of recruitment. The funeral in 1917 of 1916 leader Thomas Ashe (who died on hunger strike while being force fed) had many echoes of the pre-Rising funeral of O’ Donovan Rossa; the impressive organisation of the Volunteers on the day of Ashe’s funeral, and even the choice of a relatively unknown funeral orator, Michael Collins; who would go on to play as dominant a role in the forthcoming conflict, as Patrick Pearse had done in the previous one. Other important indicators of the subtle return of confidence to the separatist ranks were the ceding, by Arthur Griffith of the Presidency of Sinn Fein in favour of Eamon De Valera and the subsequent election of De Valera as President of the Volunteers; increasingly referred to as the Irish Republican Army (IRA). Sinn Fein now had the confidence of an army underlying it. The IRA, after the Sinn Fein landslide victory in the general election of 1918, now enjoyed the legitimacy of a democratic majority. Having stood on a policy platform of abstaining from the Westminster Parliament - regarding it as a foreign parliament, the newly elected Sinn Fein members ( those that were not still imprisoned or on the run) convened on 21st of January , 1918 to form the new independent assembly, Dáil Éireann. On the same day in Soloheadbeg, County Tipperary, two RIC policemen were killed by men from the South Tipperary Brigade of the IRA, in an attempt to gain much needed arms. This is regarded as the first significant encounter of the Anglo-Irish War. Apart from purloining arms, another key tactic of the IRA was instigating a boycott, among locals, of the police. This intimidation inevitably led to a mass of retirements and reduction in the force and ultimately abandoning many of the more isolated rural barracks; leading to a breakdown in civil authority and a further legitimacy to Sinn Fein as the only local enforcement of civil order. The British authorities were prepared to leave the conflict at a ‘law and order’ level as a war would effectively recognise the authority of the new government. The preferred method of engaging with the insurgents was by way of ‘unofficial’ reprisals and harassment but these practices usually only elicited more resentment from the general populace. It was only when an orchestrated attack on three RIC barracks in the Cork area commanded by The Cork No.1 Brigade, that acknowledgment was made at British Government level that “…acts of war…” had been committed. One of these concurrent attacks was an unsuccessful one on the RIC Barracks at Kilmurry by a force of about 60 Macroom Company men with some men from the Kilmurry Company acting as scouts and look-outs. Eventually the British acknowledged the escalation of hostilities by recruiting support for the understrength RIC. This arrived in the form of temporary cadets – Black and Tans – named after their ad-hoc uniforms which were a mix of RIC and British Army due to supply shortages; figuratively betraying also the dual nature of their role. There were further reinforcements from experienced former British Officers in the guise of a paramilitary force, the Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary (ADRIC), more commonly known as Auxiliaries or Auxies. A further bolster to the Crown Forces was the introduction of the draconian Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920 and later on the selective introduction of martial law. The IRA in Cork responded to the escalation of hostilities with their own mobile paramilitary units – The Flying Column – which gained some notable military victories over the more experienced and numerically superior Crown Forces. In Dublin Michael Collins as Director of Intelligence for the Irish Republican Army (among his many roles) had a notable coup whereby the IRA essentially emasculated British Intelligence operations in Dublin by locating and killing eleven members of the crack undercover team known as the ‘Cairo Gang’. In retaliation the Crown Forces opened fire on a Gaelic football match in Croke Park; fourteen civilians died in the attack. Later on the British murdered three IRA prisoners it was holding in Dublin Castle. The day was dubbed as ‘Bloody Sunday’ and was considered a major propaganda and strategic victory for the IRA. The same year saw another major military and morale boosting victory for the IRA when in Cork an ambush of Auxiliaries in Kilmichael by the West Cork Flying Column resulted in 17 British casualties for the loss of three Volunteers. In response the British imposed martial law in most of Munster, including County Cork. In Cork City they also imposed a curfew and on the night of 11–12 December 1920 they burnt and looted the city as a reprisal for an engagement earlier on that evening and the Kilmichael Ambush, two weeks earlier. While the next few months saw even more tit-for-tat casualties it seemed clear that both sides were fighting a battle neither side could hope to win. Eventually a truce was agreed on 21st of July 1921. Since Munster, Cork in particular, saw a majority of the action outside of Dublin in the War of Independence it is no surprise that Kilmurry and its neighbouring parishes were witness to some of the key activities and engagements of the conflict; given its proximity to British garrisons at Cork, Ballincollig, Macroom and Bandon, and the consequent troop movement between them. This concentration of enemy forces attracted IRA attention to the area facilitated by a network of safe houses and loyal following. One such safe-house was in the neighbouring Parish of Kilmichael, Joe O’ Sullivan’s house at Gurranereigh. While Kilmurry was in the 1st Cork Brigade area it was adjacent to the 3rd Cork Brigade, to whose men it was considered a safe and convenient haven. It was to this house that Tom Barry and his men of the 1st Cork Brigade retired to billets after the Crossbarry Ambush on 19th of March 1921. Indeed the area was so often used by the men of the West Cork Flying Column that Sean O’ Hegarty, Officer Commanding of the Ist Cork Brigade once enquired of Tom Barry if “… (they) had any food or houses in West Cork”. Another member of the West Cork Flying Column and a veteran of the Crossbarry and Kilmichael Ambushes was Liam Deasy who in his memoir of the Anglo-Irish War ‘Towards Ireland Free’ fondly remembers the welcome they always received, not only from the Kilmurry/Crookstown Company Officers but also the people of the area. On the morning of Sunday, 22nd of August 1920, the area itself was witness to an ambush of Crown Forces at Lissarda. Local Volunteer William Powell of the Kilmurry Company (later Crookstown Company) observed a convoy of RIC and Tans on the way from Cork to Macroom earlier that morning and knowing they would at some stage return to Cork, set about staging an ambush on their route through Lissarda. It was only about 2:30pm when the convoy arrived at Lissarda but even at this stage all the ambush party had not yet arrived in their positions; there had been 12:30pm Mass to attend, guns to be collected, most likely farm work and probably some dinner. During the engagement one Volunteer was killed. The local man was Michael Galvin who was secretly buried in the Kilmurry Churchyard (any overt ceremony would have incurred reprisals for the family), before later being interred, when it was safe to do so, in St. Mary’s Graveyard, Kilmurry. One of the last actions of the war just a few weeks before the truce, saw the torching of the big house at Warrenscourt. Even at this late stage of the war there was evidence that the British were intent on stationing troops there to suppress IRA activity in the area. This showed the belief of both sides that even with a truce in sight they would be more than ready to continue the fight. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919 - 1921 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rebel Cork's Fighting Story ed. by Florence O'Donoghue Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived ed. Florence O'Donoghue Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource paper Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource physical object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.1182 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm War of Independence https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/86d0e778394fb5cce201fb8ba742c4b7.jpg 85d178f2646e85d7ea8ea1421636da85 https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/8e256ba1d29a1bdd1ccd58b313852b2c.jpg e505922247dff5cc8efab8e0f805c8fa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kilmurry (Male) National School Attendance Register Subject The topic of the resource Kilmurry National School Description An account of the resource Attendance ledge for Kilmurry Boys National School Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Fr. Tim O'Sullivan (RIP) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource paper Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource physical object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.1184 Relation A related resource KHAA.IMK.0319 Kilmurry Kilmurry Parish https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/2c1d3f8493222da2f0a6b99bdaf80975.JPG ef913e77798a1c6807af82a4f7dd8c87 https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/1f4fc9c95b956388dc81c380479fd3de.JPG 9ca71bb6eb2eca0493365efb5710b051 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Irish War of Independence Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Type The nature or genre of the resource Subject The topic of the resource Irish War of Independence Description An account of the resource War of Independence Cogadh na Saoirse In the immediate aftermath of the Rising it seemed that a calm had settled on Ireland; the command structure of the Volunteers had been depleted and a countrywide round-up of dissenters had been exiled to internment in the United Kingdom. However a simmering resentment remained among the people due to the execution of the rebel leaders, internment of the surviving Volunteers and the continued recruitment drive for manpower for the War effort; allied with the carrot and stick approach tactics of the British linking the implementation of Home Rule to conscription. The rejuvenated Volunteers and its leaders, once released from internment (Frongoch Internment Camp in Wales was known as the “University of Revolution “) had begun to re-organize and rally around the issue of recruitment. The funeral in 1917 of 1916 leader Thomas Ashe (who died on hunger strike while being force fed) had many echoes of the pre-Rising funeral of O’ Donovan Rossa; the impressive organisation of the Volunteers on the day of Ashe’s funeral, and even the choice of a relatively unknown funeral orator, Michael Collins; who would go on to play as dominant a role in the forthcoming conflict, as Patrick Pearse had done in the previous one. Other important indicators of the subtle return of confidence to the separatist ranks were the ceding, by Arthur Griffith of the Presidency of Sinn Fein in favour of Eamon De Valera and the subsequent election of De Valera as President of the Volunteers; increasingly referred to as the Irish Republican Army (IRA). Sinn Fein now had the confidence of an army underlying it. The IRA, after the Sinn Fein landslide victory in the general election of 1918, now enjoyed the legitimacy of a democratic majority. Having stood on a policy platform of abstaining from the Westminster Parliament - regarding it as a foreign parliament, the newly elected Sinn Fein members ( those that were not still imprisoned or on the run) convened on 21st of January , 1918 to form the new independent assembly, Dáil Éireann. On the same day in Soloheadbeg, County Tipperary, two RIC policemen were killed by men from the South Tipperary Brigade of the IRA, in an attempt to gain much needed arms. This is regarded as the first significant encounter of the Anglo-Irish War. Apart from purloining arms, another key tactic of the IRA was instigating a boycott, among locals, of the police. This intimidation inevitably led to a mass of retirements and reduction in the force and ultimately abandoning many of the more isolated rural barracks; leading to a breakdown in civil authority and a further legitimacy to Sinn Fein as the only local enforcement of civil order. The British authorities were prepared to leave the conflict at a ‘law and order’ level as a war would effectively recognise the authority of the new government. The preferred method of engaging with the insurgents was by way of ‘unofficial’ reprisals and harassment but these practices usually only elicited more resentment from the general populace. It was only when an orchestrated attack on three RIC barracks in the Cork area commanded by The Cork No.1 Brigade, that acknowledgment was made at British Government level that “…acts of war…” had been committed. One of these concurrent attacks was an unsuccessful one on the RIC Barracks at Kilmurry by a force of about 60 Macroom Company men with some men from the Kilmurry Company acting as scouts and look-outs. Eventually the British acknowledged the escalation of hostilities by recruiting support for the understrength RIC. This arrived in the form of temporary cadets – Black and Tans – named after their ad-hoc uniforms which were a mix of RIC and British Army due to supply shortages; figuratively betraying also the dual nature of their role. There were further reinforcements from experienced former British Officers in the guise of a paramilitary force, the Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary (ADRIC), more commonly known as Auxiliaries or Auxies. A further bolster to the Crown Forces was the introduction of the draconian Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920 and later on the selective introduction of martial law. The IRA in Cork responded to the escalation of hostilities with their own mobile paramilitary units – The Flying Column – which gained some notable military victories over the more experienced and numerically superior Crown Forces. In Dublin Michael Collins as Director of Intelligence for the Irish Republican Army (among his many roles) had a notable coup whereby the IRA essentially emasculated British Intelligence operations in Dublin by locating and killing eleven members of the crack undercover team known as the ‘Cairo Gang’. In retaliation the Crown Forces opened fire on a Gaelic football match in Croke Park; fourteen civilians died in the attack. Later on the British murdered three IRA prisoners it was holding in Dublin Castle. The day was dubbed as ‘Bloody Sunday’ and was considered a major propaganda and strategic victory for the IRA. The same year saw another major military and morale boosting victory for the IRA when in Cork an ambush of Auxiliaries in Kilmichael by the West Cork Flying Column resulted in 17 British casualties for the loss of three Volunteers. In response the British imposed martial law in most of Munster, including County Cork. In Cork City they also imposed a curfew and on the night of 11–12 December 1920 they burnt and looted the city as a reprisal for an engagement earlier on that evening and the Kilmichael Ambush, two weeks earlier. While the next few months saw even more tit-for-tat casualties it seemed clear that both sides were fighting a battle neither side could hope to win. Eventually a truce was agreed on 21st of July 1921. Since Munster, Cork in particular, saw a majority of the action outside of Dublin in the War of Independence it is no surprise that Kilmurry and its neighbouring parishes were witness to some of the key activities and engagements of the conflict; given its proximity to British garrisons at Cork, Ballincollig, Macroom and Bandon, and the consequent troop movement between them. This concentration of enemy forces attracted IRA attention to the area facilitated by a network of safe houses and loyal following. One such safe-house was in the neighbouring Parish of Kilmichael, Joe O’ Sullivan’s house at Gurranereigh. While Kilmurry was in the 1st Cork Brigade area it was adjacent to the 3rd Cork Brigade, to whose men it was considered a safe and convenient haven. It was to this house that Tom Barry and his men of the 1st Cork Brigade retired to billets after the Crossbarry Ambush on 19th of March 1921. Indeed the area was so often used by the men of the West Cork Flying Column that Sean O’ Hegarty, Officer Commanding of the Ist Cork Brigade once enquired of Tom Barry if “… (they) had any food or houses in West Cork”. Another member of the West Cork Flying Column and a veteran of the Crossbarry and Kilmichael Ambushes was Liam Deasy who in his memoir of the Anglo-Irish War ‘Towards Ireland Free’ fondly remembers the welcome they always received, not only from the Kilmurry/Crookstown Company Officers but also the people of the area. On the morning of Sunday, 22nd of August 1920, the area itself was witness to an ambush of Crown Forces at Lissarda. Local Volunteer William Powell of the Kilmurry Company (later Crookstown Company) observed a convoy of RIC and Tans on the way from Cork to Macroom earlier that morning and knowing they would at some stage return to Cork, set about staging an ambush on their route through Lissarda. It was only about 2:30pm when the convoy arrived at Lissarda but even at this stage all the ambush party had not yet arrived in their positions; there had been 12:30pm Mass to attend, guns to be collected, most likely farm work and probably some dinner. During the engagement one Volunteer was killed. The local man was Michael Galvin who was secretly buried in the Kilmurry Churchyard (any overt ceremony would have incurred reprisals for the family), before later being interred, when it was safe to do so, in St. Mary’s Graveyard, Kilmurry. One of the last actions of the war just a few weeks before the truce, saw the torching of the big house at Warrenscourt. Even at this late stage of the war there was evidence that the British were intent on stationing troops there to suppress IRA activity in the area. This showed the belief of both sides that even with a truce in sight they would be more than ready to continue the fight. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919 - 1921 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Service Medal (IRA) 1917-1921 Subject The topic of the resource Irish War of Independence Description An account of the resource Service Medal (IRA) 1917-1921 of Denis Murphy, Ballincurrig, Courtmacsherry, Co., Cork Cork No.3 Brigade, IRA - Barryroe Company Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mairead and Seamus Barry Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-1921 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource physical object Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource metal, cloth Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.1185 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Irish War of Independence Crossbarry Ambush https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/a05c6e9604f6e36f5eb75fe82f4b3f8e.JPG ff22b50cafb20431bc395fee2f2f99c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Irish War of Independence Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Type The nature or genre of the resource Subject The topic of the resource Irish War of Independence Description An account of the resource War of Independence Cogadh na Saoirse In the immediate aftermath of the Rising it seemed that a calm had settled on Ireland; the command structure of the Volunteers had been depleted and a countrywide round-up of dissenters had been exiled to internment in the United Kingdom. However a simmering resentment remained among the people due to the execution of the rebel leaders, internment of the surviving Volunteers and the continued recruitment drive for manpower for the War effort; allied with the carrot and stick approach tactics of the British linking the implementation of Home Rule to conscription. The rejuvenated Volunteers and its leaders, once released from internment (Frongoch Internment Camp in Wales was known as the “University of Revolution “) had begun to re-organize and rally around the issue of recruitment. The funeral in 1917 of 1916 leader Thomas Ashe (who died on hunger strike while being force fed) had many echoes of the pre-Rising funeral of O’ Donovan Rossa; the impressive organisation of the Volunteers on the day of Ashe’s funeral, and even the choice of a relatively unknown funeral orator, Michael Collins; who would go on to play as dominant a role in the forthcoming conflict, as Patrick Pearse had done in the previous one. Other important indicators of the subtle return of confidence to the separatist ranks were the ceding, by Arthur Griffith of the Presidency of Sinn Fein in favour of Eamon De Valera and the subsequent election of De Valera as President of the Volunteers; increasingly referred to as the Irish Republican Army (IRA). Sinn Fein now had the confidence of an army underlying it. The IRA, after the Sinn Fein landslide victory in the general election of 1918, now enjoyed the legitimacy of a democratic majority. Having stood on a policy platform of abstaining from the Westminster Parliament - regarding it as a foreign parliament, the newly elected Sinn Fein members ( those that were not still imprisoned or on the run) convened on 21st of January , 1918 to form the new independent assembly, Dáil Éireann. On the same day in Soloheadbeg, County Tipperary, two RIC policemen were killed by men from the South Tipperary Brigade of the IRA, in an attempt to gain much needed arms. This is regarded as the first significant encounter of the Anglo-Irish War. Apart from purloining arms, another key tactic of the IRA was instigating a boycott, among locals, of the police. This intimidation inevitably led to a mass of retirements and reduction in the force and ultimately abandoning many of the more isolated rural barracks; leading to a breakdown in civil authority and a further legitimacy to Sinn Fein as the only local enforcement of civil order. The British authorities were prepared to leave the conflict at a ‘law and order’ level as a war would effectively recognise the authority of the new government. The preferred method of engaging with the insurgents was by way of ‘unofficial’ reprisals and harassment but these practices usually only elicited more resentment from the general populace. It was only when an orchestrated attack on three RIC barracks in the Cork area commanded by The Cork No.1 Brigade, that acknowledgment was made at British Government level that “…acts of war…” had been committed. One of these concurrent attacks was an unsuccessful one on the RIC Barracks at Kilmurry by a force of about 60 Macroom Company men with some men from the Kilmurry Company acting as scouts and look-outs. Eventually the British acknowledged the escalation of hostilities by recruiting support for the understrength RIC. This arrived in the form of temporary cadets – Black and Tans – named after their ad-hoc uniforms which were a mix of RIC and British Army due to supply shortages; figuratively betraying also the dual nature of their role. There were further reinforcements from experienced former British Officers in the guise of a paramilitary force, the Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary (ADRIC), more commonly known as Auxiliaries or Auxies. A further bolster to the Crown Forces was the introduction of the draconian Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920 and later on the selective introduction of martial law. The IRA in Cork responded to the escalation of hostilities with their own mobile paramilitary units – The Flying Column – which gained some notable military victories over the more experienced and numerically superior Crown Forces. In Dublin Michael Collins as Director of Intelligence for the Irish Republican Army (among his many roles) had a notable coup whereby the IRA essentially emasculated British Intelligence operations in Dublin by locating and killing eleven members of the crack undercover team known as the ‘Cairo Gang’. In retaliation the Crown Forces opened fire on a Gaelic football match in Croke Park; fourteen civilians died in the attack. Later on the British murdered three IRA prisoners it was holding in Dublin Castle. The day was dubbed as ‘Bloody Sunday’ and was considered a major propaganda and strategic victory for the IRA. The same year saw another major military and morale boosting victory for the IRA when in Cork an ambush of Auxiliaries in Kilmichael by the West Cork Flying Column resulted in 17 British casualties for the loss of three Volunteers. In response the British imposed martial law in most of Munster, including County Cork. In Cork City they also imposed a curfew and on the night of 11–12 December 1920 they burnt and looted the city as a reprisal for an engagement earlier on that evening and the Kilmichael Ambush, two weeks earlier. While the next few months saw even more tit-for-tat casualties it seemed clear that both sides were fighting a battle neither side could hope to win. Eventually a truce was agreed on 21st of July 1921. Since Munster, Cork in particular, saw a majority of the action outside of Dublin in the War of Independence it is no surprise that Kilmurry and its neighbouring parishes were witness to some of the key activities and engagements of the conflict; given its proximity to British garrisons at Cork, Ballincollig, Macroom and Bandon, and the consequent troop movement between them. This concentration of enemy forces attracted IRA attention to the area facilitated by a network of safe houses and loyal following. One such safe-house was in the neighbouring Parish of Kilmichael, Joe O’ Sullivan’s house at Gurranereigh. While Kilmurry was in the 1st Cork Brigade area it was adjacent to the 3rd Cork Brigade, to whose men it was considered a safe and convenient haven. It was to this house that Tom Barry and his men of the 1st Cork Brigade retired to billets after the Crossbarry Ambush on 19th of March 1921. Indeed the area was so often used by the men of the West Cork Flying Column that Sean O’ Hegarty, Officer Commanding of the Ist Cork Brigade once enquired of Tom Barry if “… (they) had any food or houses in West Cork”. Another member of the West Cork Flying Column and a veteran of the Crossbarry and Kilmichael Ambushes was Liam Deasy who in his memoir of the Anglo-Irish War ‘Towards Ireland Free’ fondly remembers the welcome they always received, not only from the Kilmurry/Crookstown Company Officers but also the people of the area. On the morning of Sunday, 22nd of August 1920, the area itself was witness to an ambush of Crown Forces at Lissarda. Local Volunteer William Powell of the Kilmurry Company (later Crookstown Company) observed a convoy of RIC and Tans on the way from Cork to Macroom earlier that morning and knowing they would at some stage return to Cork, set about staging an ambush on their route through Lissarda. It was only about 2:30pm when the convoy arrived at Lissarda but even at this stage all the ambush party had not yet arrived in their positions; there had been 12:30pm Mass to attend, guns to be collected, most likely farm work and probably some dinner. During the engagement one Volunteer was killed. The local man was Michael Galvin who was secretly buried in the Kilmurry Churchyard (any overt ceremony would have incurred reprisals for the family), before later being interred, when it was safe to do so, in St. Mary’s Graveyard, Kilmurry. One of the last actions of the war just a few weeks before the truce, saw the torching of the big house at Warrenscourt. Even at this late stage of the war there was evidence that the British were intent on stationing troops there to suppress IRA activity in the area. This showed the belief of both sides that even with a truce in sight they would be more than ready to continue the fight. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919 - 1921 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Truce (1921) Commemoration Medal - 1971 Subject The topic of the resource Irish War of Independence, The Truce Description An account of the resource The Truce (1921) Commemoration Medal - 1971 of Denis Murphy, Ballincurrig, Courtmacsherry, Co., Cork Cork No.3 Brigade, IRA - Barryroe Company Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1921-1971 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource physical object Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource medal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.1186 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Irish War of Independence, The Truce Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mairead and Seamus Barry Crossbarry Ambush The Truce https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/a017631b2f6ae713ca2e75d07ac117e3.JPG 627e0e44583f050aa37b63203450cd31 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergency Service Medal (1939-1946) Subject The topic of the resource The Emergency Description An account of the resource Emergency Service Medal (1939-1946) of Denis Murphy, Ballincurrig, Courtmacsherry, Co., Cork Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mairead and Seamus Barry Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939-1945 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Relation A related resource Independence Museum Kilmurry Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource physical object Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource medal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.1187 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm 1939-1946 The Emergency https://www.imkarchive.org/files/original/5c78700c06986c1a9e194848e127f3b0.JPG 3065a432e63059fdb0801072cd9b8dfc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Óglaigh na hÉireann Cap Badge - Irish Defence Forces Cap Badge - FF Badge Subject The topic of the resource Irish Defence Forces Cap Badge Description An account of the resource Óglaigh na hÉireann Cap Badge - Irish Defence Forces Cap Badge - FF Badge of Denis Murphy, Ballincurrig, Courtmacsherry, Co., Cork (likely for his service during The Truce Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mairead and Seamus Barry Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Independence Museum Kilmurry Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kilmurry Historical & Archaeological Association Relation A related resource Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource physical object Language A language of the resource ga Type The nature or genre of the resource badge Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KHAA.IMK.1188